|
Key Uranium Data
¨World
Uranium Mining (Production from mines in tonnes U)
<= Click link for full information from World Nuclear Assoc.
-
About 63
percent of the world's production of uranium from mines is
from Kazakhstan, Canada and Australia.
-
An
increasing proportion of uranium, now 36%, is produced by in
situ leaching.
-
After a
decade of falling mine production to 1993, output of
uranium has generally risen since then and now meets 76% of
demand for power generation.
Kazakhstan
produces the largest share of uranium from mines (27% of world
supply from mines), followed by Canada (20%) and Australia
(16%).
Production from mines (tonnes U)
|
Country |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
Kazakhstan |
3300 |
3719 |
4357 |
5279 |
6637 |
8521 |
14 020 |
|
Canada |
10457 |
11597 |
11628 |
9862 |
9476 |
9000 |
10173 |
|
Australia |
7572 |
8982 |
9516 |
7593 |
8611 |
8430 |
7982 |
|
Namibia |
2036 |
3038 |
3147 |
3067 |
2879 |
4366 |
4626 |
|
Russia |
3150 |
3200 |
3431 |
3262 |
3413 |
3521 |
3564 |
|
Niger |
3143 |
3282 |
3093 |
3434 |
3153 |
3032 |
3243 |
|
Uzbekistan |
1598 |
2016 |
2300 |
2260 |
2320 |
2338 |
2429 |
|
USA |
779 |
878 |
1039 |
1672 |
1654 |
1430 |
1453 |
|
Ukraine (est) |
800 |
800 |
800 |
800 |
846 |
800 |
840 |
|
China (est) |
750 |
750 |
750 |
750 |
712 |
769 |
750 |
|
South Africa |
758 |
755 |
674 |
534 |
539 |
655 |
563 |
|
Brazil |
310 |
300 |
110 |
190 |
299 |
330 |
345 |
|
India (est) |
230 |
230 |
230 |
177 |
270 |
271 |
290 |
|
Czech Repub. |
452 |
412 |
408 |
359 |
306 |
263 |
258 |
|
Malawi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
104 |
|
Romania (est) |
90 |
90 |
90 |
90 |
77 |
77 |
75 |
|
Pakistan (est) |
45 |
45 |
45 |
45 |
45 |
45 |
50 |
|
France |
0 |
7 |
7 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
8 |
|
Germany |
104 |
77 |
94 |
65 |
41 |
0 |
0 |
|
total world |
35 574 |
40 178 |
41 719 |
39 444 |
41 282 |
43 853 |
50 772 |
|
tonnes U3O8 |
41 944 |
47 382 |
49 199 |
46 516 |
48 683 |
51 716 |
59 875 |
|
percentage of world demand |
|
|
65% |
63% |
64% |
68% |
76% |
WNA Market
Report data
Forecast
production for 2010 is about 55,000 tU, as production ramps up
in Kazakhstan and Namibia.
Mining
methods have been changing. In 1990, 55% of world production
came from underground mines, but this shrunk dramatically to
1999, with 33% then. From 2000 the new Canadian mines increase
it again, and with Olympic Dam it is now approaching half. In
situ leach (ISL, or ISR) mining has been steadily increasing its
share of the total.
In 2009
production was as follows:
|
Conventional underground & open pit |
57% |
|
In situ leach (ISL) |
36% |
|
By-product |
7% |
(considering Olympic Dam as by-product rather than in
underground category)
Conventional
mines have a mill where the ore is crushed, ground and then
leached with sulfuric acid to dissolve the uranium oxides. At
the mill of a conventional mine, or the treatment plant of an
ISL operation, the uranium then separated by ion exchange before
being dried and packed, usually as U3O8. Some mills and ISL
operations use carbonate leaching instead of sulfuric acid,
depending on the orebody. Where uranium is recovered a s a
by-product, eg of copper or phosphate, the treatment process is
likely to be more complex.
Since the
early 1990s the uranium production industry has been
consolidated by takeovers, mergers and closures. In 2009, ten
companies marketed 89% of the world's uranium mine production:
|
Company |
tonnes U |
% |
|
Areva |
8623 |
17 |
|
Cameco |
8000 |
16 |
|
Rio Tinto |
7963 |
16 |
|
KazAtomProm |
7467 |
15 |
|
ARMZ |
4624 |
9 |
|
BHP Billiton |
2955 |
6 |
|
Navoi |
2429 |
5 |
|
Uranium One |
1368 |
3 |
|
Paladin |
1210 |
2 |
|
GA/Heathgate |
583 |
1 |
|
Other |
5550 |
11 |
|
Total |
50,772 |
100% |
The
largest-producing uranium mines in 2009 were:
|
Mine |
Country |
Main owner |
Type |
Production (tU) |
% of world |
|
McArthur River |
Canada |
Cameco |
underground |
7339 |
15 |
|
Ranger |
Australia |
ERA (Rio Tinto 68%) |
open pit |
4444 |
9 |
|
Rossing |
Namibia |
Rio Tinto (69%) |
open pit |
3520 |
7 |
|
Kraznokamensk |
Russia |
ARMZ |
underground |
3004 |
6 |
|
Olympic Dam |
Australia |
BHP Billiton |
by-product/
underground |
2955 |
6 |
|
Tortkuduk |
Kazakhstan |
Areva/Kazatomprom |
ISL |
2272 |
4 |
|
Arlit |
Niger |
Areva/Onarem |
open pit |
1808 |
4 |
|
Rabbit Lake |
Canada |
Cameco |
underground |
1447 |
3 |
|
Akouta |
Niger |
Areva/Onarem |
underground |
1435 |
3 |
|
Budenovskoye 2 |
Kazakhstan |
Kazatomoprom |
ISL |
1415 |
3 |
|
Top 10 total |
|
29,638 |
59% |
The next
16 uranium mines in 2009 were:
|
McClean Lake |
Canada |
Cameco |
Open pit |
1388 |
|
Langer Heinrich |
Namibia |
Paladin |
Open pit |
1108 |
|
Central Mynkuduk |
Kazakhstan |
Kazatomprom |
ISL |
1104 |
|
Akdala |
Kazakhstan |
Uranium One |
ISL |
1039 |
|
Karamuran |
Kazakhstan |
Kazatomprom |
ISL |
1011 |
|
East Mynkuduk |
Kazakhstan |
Kazatomprom |
ISL |
1001 |
|
Zafarabad _ Central Mining |
Uzbekistan |
Navoi |
ISL |
900 |
|
South Inkai |
Kazakhstan |
Uranium One |
ISL |
831 |
|
Inkai |
Kazakhstan |
Cameco |
ISL |
715 |
|
Smith Ranch, Highland, Crow Butte |
USA |
Cameco |
ISL |
705 |
|
Uchkuduk - Northern Mining |
Uzbekistan |
Navoi |
ISL |
700 |
|
Nurabad - South Mining |
Uzbekistan |
Navoi |
ISL |
700 |
|
Beverley |
Australia |
Heathgate |
ISL |
583 |
|
Vaal River |
South Africa |
AngloGold |
By-product |
554 |
|
Kanzhugan |
Kazakhstan |
Kazatomprom |
ISL |
545 |
|
Irkol |
Kazakhstan |
Kazatomprom |
ISL |
502 |
New Mines
Since the
recovery of uranium prices since about 2003, there has been a
lot of activity in preparing to open new mines in many
countries. The WNA reference scenario projects world uranium
demand as about 77,000 tU in 2015, and most of this will need to
come directly from mines (in 2009, 24% came from secondary
sources).
Western
World Uranium Production and Demand 1945-2004
Source:World
Nuclear Association
Known Recoverable Resources* of Uranium 2007
|
|
tonnes U |
percentage of world |
|
Australia |
1,243,000 |
23% |
|
Kazakhstan |
817,000 |
15% |
|
Russia |
546,000 |
10% |
|
South Africa |
435,000 |
8% |
|
Canada |
423,000 |
8% |
|
USA |
342,000 |
6% |
|
Brazil |
278,000 |
5% |
|
Namibia |
275,000 |
5% |
|
Niger |
274,000 |
5% |
|
Ukraine |
200,000 |
4% |
|
Jordan |
112,000 |
2% |
|
Uzbekistan |
111,000 |
2% |
|
India |
73,000 |
1% |
|
China |
68,000 |
1% |
|
Mongolia |
62,000 |
1% |
|
other |
210,000 |
4% |
|
World total |
5,469,000 |
|
Reasonably
Assured Resources plus Inferred Resources, to US$ 130/kg U,
1/1/07, from OECD NEA & IAEA, Uranium 2007: Resources,
Production and Demand ("Red Book").
¨Uranium
Markets <= Click link for full
information from World Nuclear Assoc.
¨Geology
of Uranium Deposits <= Click
link for full information from World Nuclear Assoc.
¨Table
of World Nuclear Reactors 2011 & Uranium Requirements
<= Click link for full information from World Nuclear Assoc.
NOTICE TO READER... The
figures below are generated from WNA data however the
information is displayed differently to include Taiwan as a
recognized country and have the tables add up.
440 Active Reactors
(as of Q3 2011)
Table of
World Nuclear Reactors 2011 & Uranium Requirements <=
Source;
World Nuclear Assoc.
|
|
NUCLEAR
ELECTRICITY GENERATION 2011 |
REACTORS
OPERABLE |
REACTORS
UNDER CONSTRUCTION |
REACTORS
PLANNED |
REACTORS
PROPOSED |
URANIUM
REQUIRED 2011 |
|
billion kWh |
% e |
No. |
MWe net |
No. |
MWe gross |
No. |
MWe gross |
No. |
MWe gross |
tonnes U |
|
Argentina |
6.7 |
5.9 |
2 |
935 |
1 |
745 |
2 |
773 |
1 |
740 |
208 |
|
Armenia |
2.3 |
39.4 |
1 |
376 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1060 |
|
|
56 |
|
Bangladesh |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Belarus |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2000 |
2 |
2000 |
0 |
|
Belgium |
45 |
51.7 |
7 |
5943 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1052 |
|
Brazil |
13.9 |
3.1 |
2 |
1901 |
1 |
1405 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
4000 |
311 |
|
Bulgaria |
14.2 |
33.1 |
2 |
1906 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
1900 |
0 |
0 |
275 |
|
Canada |
85.5 |
15.1 |
18 |
12679 |
2 |
1500 |
3 |
3300 |
3 |
3800 |
1884 |
|
Chile |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
4400 |
0 |
|
China |
71.0 |
1.8 |
14 |
11271 |
26 |
28710 |
52 |
59990 |
120 |
123000 |
4402 |
|
Czech Republic |
26.4 |
33.2 |
6 |
3722 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2400 |
1 |
1200 |
680 |
|
Egypt |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1000 |
1 |
1000 |
0 |
|
Finland |
21.9 |
28.4 |
4 |
2721 |
1 |
1700 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3000 |
468 |
|
France |
410.1 |
74.1 |
58 |
63130 |
1 |
1720 |
1 |
1720 |
1 |
1100 |
9221 |
|
Germany |
133.0 |
28.4 |
17 |
20339 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3453 |
|
Hungary |
14.7 |
42.1 |
4 |
1880 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2200 |
295 |
|
India |
20.5 |
2.9 |
20 |
4385 |
5 |
3900 |
18 |
15700 |
40 |
49000 |
1053 |
|
Indonesia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2000 |
4 |
4000 |
0 |
|
Iran |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1000 |
2 |
2000 |
1 |
300 |
150 |
|
Israel |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1200 |
0 |
|
Italy |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
17000 |
0 |
|
Japan |
280.3 |
29.2 |
51 |
44642 |
2 |
2756 |
10 |
13772 |
5 |
6760 |
8195 |
|
Jordan |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1000 |
|
|
0 |
|
Kazakhstan |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
600 |
2 |
600 |
0 |
|
Korea DPR (North) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
950 |
0 |
|
Korea RO (South) |
141.1 |
32.2 |
21 |
18716 |
5 |
5800 |
6 |
8400 |
0 |
0 |
3586 |
|
Lithuania |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1700 |
0 |
|
Malaysia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1200 |
0 |
|
Mexico |
5.6 |
3.6 |
2 |
1600 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2000 |
247 |
|
Netherlands |
3.75 |
3.4 |
1 |
485 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1000 |
107 |
|
Pakistan |
2.6 |
2.6 |
3 |
725 |
1 |
340 |
1 |
340 |
2 |
2000 |
68 |
|
Poland |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
6000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Romania |
10.7 |
19.5 |
2 |
1310 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
1310 |
1 |
655 |
175 |
|
Russia |
159.4 |
17.8 |
32 |
23084 |
10 |
8960 |
14 |
16000 |
30 |
28000 |
3757 |
|
Slovakia |
13.5 |
51.8 |
4 |
1816 |
2 |
880 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1200 |
267 |
|
Slovenia |
5.4 |
37.9 |
1 |
696 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1000 |
145 |
|
South Africa |
12.9 |
5.2 |
2 |
1800 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
9600 |
321 |
|
Spain |
59.3 |
20.1 |
8 |
7448 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1458 |
|
Sweden |
55.7 |
38.1 |
10 |
9399 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1537 |
|
Switzerland |
25.3 |
38.0 |
5 |
3252 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
4000 |
557 |
|
Thailand |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5000 |
0 |
|
Turkey |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
4800 |
4 |
5600 |
0 |
|
Ukraine |
83.95 |
48.1 |
15 |
13168 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
1900 |
20 |
22800 |
2037 |
|
UAE |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
5600 |
10 |
14400 |
0 |
|
United Kingdom |
56.9 |
15.7 |
18 |
10745 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
6680 |
9 |
12000 |
2235 |
|
USA |
807.1 |
19.6 |
104 |
101421 |
1 |
1218 |
6 |
7200 |
28 |
38600 |
19427 |
|
Vietnam |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2000 |
12 |
13000 |
0 |
|
WORLD** |
2630 |
13.8 |
440 |
376,442 |
61 |
63,334 |
154 |
171,445 |
343 |
391,355 |
68,971 |
|
|
billion kWh |
% e |
No. |
MWe |
No. |
MWe |
No. |
MWe |
No. |
MWe |
tonnes U |
|
|
NUCLEAR
ELECTRICITY GENERATION 2007 |
REACTORS OPERATING |
REACTORS BUILDING |
ON ORDER or PLANNED |
PROPOSED |
URANIUM REQUIRED
|
Sources &
Ledger:
Operating = Connected to the grid;
Building/Construction = first concrete for reactor poured, or
major refurbishment under way;
Planned = Approvals, funding or major commitment in place,
mostly expected in operation within 8-10 years;
Proposed = Specific program or site proposals, expected
operation mostly within 15 years.
New plants coming on line are balanced by old plants being
retired. Over 1996-2009, 43 reactors were retired as 49 started
operation. There are no firm projections for retirements over
the period covered by this Table, but WNA estimates that at
least 60 of those now operating will close by 2030, most being
small plants. The 2009 WNA Market Report reference case has 143
reactors closing by 2030.
TWh = Terawatt-hours (billion kilowatt-hours), MWe = Megawatt
(electrical as distinct from thermal), kWh = kilowatt-hour.
68,971 tU = 81,338 t U3O8
** The world total includes 6 reactors operating on Taiwan with
a combined capacity of 4927 MWe, which generated a total of 39.9
billion kWh in 2010 (accounting for 19.3% of Taiwan's total
electricity generation). Taiwan has two reactors under
construction with a combined capacity of 2700 MWe, and one
proposed, 1350 MWe. U demand of 1344 t is expected in 2011.
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